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}} | campus = Suburban - | free_label = Fight Song | free = ''Kings Point Victory'' | colors = Blue and Gray | athletics = NCAA Division III - LC MAISA LL CC MRFU | sports = 15 varsity sports teams (10 men's and 5 women's) | nickname = (Mariners ) | mascot = Salty the Sea Eagle | affiliations = | website = (www.usmma.edu ) }} The United States Merchant Marine Academy (also known as USMMA or Kings Point) is one of the five United States service academies. It is charged with training officers for the United States Merchant Marine, branches of the military, and the transportation industry. Midshipmen (as students at the Academy are called) are trained in marine engineering, navigation, ship's administration, maritime law, personnel management, international law, customs, and many other subjects important to the task of running a large ship. ==History== Between 1874 and 1936, diverse federal legislation supported maritime training through schoolships, internships at sea and other methods. A disastrous fire in 1934 aboard the passenger ship SS ''Morro Castle'', in which 134 lives were lost, convinced the U.S. Congress that direct federal involvement in efficient and standardized training was needed. Originally—and in cooperation with the State of New York (which donated the land)—the U.S. government planned to establish a large-scale Merchant Marine Academy at Fort Schuyler, New York; but nothing came of these plans.〔("New School To Train Ships Officers" ) ''Popular Science'', May 1935〕 Congress passed the landmark Merchant Marine Act in 1936, and two years later, the (U.S. Merchant Marine Cadet Corps ) was established. In that year, the USTS ''Nantucket'' (ex-USS ''Ranger'') was transferred from the Massachusetts Maritime Academy to Kings Point and renamed the USTS ''Emory Rice''. The first training was given at temporary facilities until the Academy's permanent site in Kings Point, New York was acquired in early 1942. The Kings Point campus was originally Walter Chrysler's twelve-acre waterfront estate, named "Forker House" (now known as the USMMA's Wiley Hall).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HugeDomains.com - MelvilleHall.com is for sale (Melville Hall) )〕 Construction of the Academy began immediately, and 15 months later the task was virtually completed. The Academy was dedicated on September 30, 1943, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who noted that "the Academy serves the Merchant Marine as West Point serves the Army and Annapolis the Navy." World War II required the Academy to forgo its normal operation and to devote all of its resources toward meeting the emergency need for Merchant Marine officers. Its enrollment rose to 2,700 men, and the planned course of instruction was reduced in length from four years to 18 months. To meet the wartime needs for qualified merchant marine officers two additional merchant marine cadet training school sites were established, one located in Pass Christian, Mississippi and the other in San Mateo, California. The San Mateo location was closed in September 1947 and the students transferred to Kings Point. The location in Pass Christian was similarly closed in 1950. In spite of the war, shipboard training continued to be an integral part of the Academy curriculum, and midshipmen served at sea in combat zones the world over. One hundred and forty-two midshipmen gave their lives in service to their country, and many others survived torpedo and aerial attacks. From 1942–1945, the Academy graduated 6,895 officers. As the war drew to a close, plans were made to convert the Academy's wartime curriculum to a four-year, college-level program to meet the peacetime requirements of the merchant marine. In 1948, such a course was instituted. Authorization for awarding the degree of bachelor of science to graduates was granted by Congress in 1949. The Academy became fully accredited as a degree-granting institution in the same year. It was made a permanent institution by an Act of Congress in 1956. The Academy accelerated graduating classes during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. It was involved in such programs as training U.S. officers for the nuclear-powered merchant ship, the ''NS Savannah''. Admission requirements were amended in 1974, and this Academy became the first federal service academy to enroll female students, two years before the Military, Naval, Air Force, and Coast Guard Academies. During the Persian Gulf War in early 1991, and for many months prior to the war, both Academy graduates and midshipmen played important roles in the large sealift of military supplies to the Middle East. Midshipmen training at sea also participated in the humanitarian sealift to Somalia during Operation Restore Hope. In 1992, the Academy acquired its largest campus-based training vessel, the T/V ''Kings Pointer''. After 20 years at the Academy, MARAD transferred the ship to Texas Maritime Academy in Galveston to serve as its new primary training vessel. This was followed by an announcement on August 21, 2012, that NASA agreed to transfer the MV Liberty Star to the U.S. Department of Transportation for use as the new training vessel at the Academy. Before being redesigned to serve as a training vessel for students, the former MV Liberty Star served as a solid rocket booster recovery vessel for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), retrieving solid rocket boosters following space shuttle launches. In June, 2014 the vessel was rechristened the ''T/V Kings Pointer'', the fifth vessel of the Academy to carry that name. The rechristening followed the earlier dedication of the Academy’s newly replaced Mallory Pier. In the 1990s, the Academy’s future came into question when it was included in the ''National Performance Review'' whose chairman was Vice President Albert Gore, Jr. The report recommended half federal subsidy and half tuition to reduce costs. Congress, however, soundly rejected the recommendation and voted to prohibit charging tuition to students. Between 2009 and 2014, the Obama Administration invested more than $450 million at the Academy, including almost $100 million for capital improvements— the most funding ever secured for physical improvements at the Academy.〔 During the events of 9/11, the Merchant Marine Academy assisted in the evacuation of civilians from Lower Manhattan as well as the transportation of first responders and supplies to and from Ground Zero. Midshipman, faculty and staff from the academy, within hours of the attack, were using boats from the waterfront and sending them to the city. Members of the Merchant Marine Academy participated in the relief efforts for nine days.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rescue at Water's Edge: The U.S. Merchant Marine Response to 9/11 )〕 Most recently, Merchant Marine Academy midshipmen and graduates have been involved in many facets of the war in Iraq. Many graduates were involved in the transportation of supplies during the buildup to the war in 2003. Many graduates in the U.S. Naval Reserve, now known as the Navy Reserve, have been called to active duty to serve supporting naval roles in ports in Iraq and Kuwait. Graduates who have entered other branches of the service have had more direct roles in Iraq. Aaron Seesan, a 2003 graduate and Army First Lieutenant, was the first graduate to give his life for his country during a war since the Vietnam War. Because of the service of midshipmen in every major conflict the country has been involved in since World War II, the regiment is privileged to carry a regimental battle standard. The Merchant Marine Academy is the only Federal Service Academy granted the right to do so, and the standard is carried with the colors at all times. Campaign ribbons from all the conflicts midshipmen have taken part in help to dress the battle standard, and bring honor to the academy and her midshipmen. On 19 June 2006, President George W. Bush gave the commencement address at the Academy, becoming the first sitting president to visit the academy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=President Delivers Commencement Address at the United States Merchant Marine Academy )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Merchant Marine Academy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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